Census research Koreans in LA Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Census Koreans in LA - Research Proposal Example This population continues to enlarge since the historic immigration into Bunker Hill two decades in the wake of the 20th century (Theme 98). Bunker Hill is in present-day Los Angeles. Then, this region was designated for non-whites and ethnic minorities were allowed to reside during the first two decades of the century. Earliest Korean immigrants into the US had domestic and casual jobs, which involved hard labor in manufacturing and other operating plants. The Korean community migrated into geographical territory covering the region from Vermont Streets and Normandie. This area is the present-day Korea Town, California. By the 1950s, Los Angeles received the second wave of ethnic Korean immigrants from the Korean War. This population combined with the descendants of the first-wave immigration influx of the 1900s and the demographics began to soar amid rising birth rates and continued intermarriage interaction with other races. Most of the Korean population worked as truck drivers, waiters, and domestic workers for most of the 20th century (Gives 87). Present demographic statistics indicates that Korean Americans living in California account for 18.5 % of the entire ethnic Korean demographic in the United States (Min 67). Los Angeles County is home to over half a million ethnic Korean – demographic includes intermarried and those of interracial

Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter Essay Example for Free

Why Race, Class, and Gender Still Matter Essay The critical issues mentioned in â€Å"Why Race Class and Gender Still Matter† are how inequalities are going to be spoken about in the book â€Å"Race Class and Gender† and about how race, class, and gender still effect society today. Another critical topic in this chapter is Hurricane Katrina and how that brought the poverty level and status of minorities in the country to light. Lastly, this chapter explains how the author expects the reader to look at race, class, and gender as they read the rest of the book and to look at the experiences of every group from that particular perspective. This book was intended for under-graduate and graduate sociology or political science students. The purpose of chapter one was to explain the point of the book. It was an expository introduction that told why race, class, and gender needs to be examined and studied. According to this book race, class, and gender â€Å"shape the experiences of all people in the United States.† There are ways in which different groups can be both privileged in one way while disadvantaged in another. Americans have started describing these different groups using the term diversity. Diversity awareness has started initiatives to prove diversity is pleasing and important, and that it should be celebrated. One more important topic discussed in this chapter is the directions to study exploitations and exclusions of some groups along with the inclusion of others. The thesis of â€Å"Why Race Class and Gender Still Matter† is that developing knowledge of how the progressively universal center of society effects the configuration of race, class, and gender interactions will inspire inclusive outlooks in the United States. The author’s language ability is voice-intimidating. The author uses very advanced language. Specific words I found difficult to understand were matrix, salient, domination, and framework. The author provides evidence when talking about Hurricane Katrina and the damage that hurricane did. However, most statements are not backed up with evidence of studies or statistics. The author employs the logic of problematic. I found this reading to open my mind up for what is to come in the future weeks of this class. Since it was only the opening chapter I did not find anything to be implicit or explicit. My biggest question is what is meant by a matrix of domination? This chapter says â€Å"we use the approach of a matrix of domination to analyze race, class, and gender.† I realize that it refers to levels in the social structure of the U.S. but how are these levels defined and what makes one disadvantage worse than another?

Concepts of Kinship and Biology

Concepts of Kinship and Biology Does kinship ultimately refer to biology? In this essay, I will explore the ways in which kinship ultimately refers to biology. I will first define what kinship is and how it is viewed from the western perspective. From there I will provide accounts of biology and genealogies and provide a basic definition. I will approach the argument how modern ideas and technology are changing kinship if defined through biological means. I will illustrate examples of genetics, new types of parents, how the family is a public discourse. I then will look at how kinship is viewed in reference to biology and genealogy. If it is defined as being consanguinity, it is flexible and can be expanded to accept new types of kinship. It is argued that kinship is not ultimately biological as the idea assists people to overcome infertility, to give everyone a chance to have a family and new types ultimately expand the concept of kinship. I will conclude by stating that the family a social system, it will adapt t how society changes as well as a cultural construct that represents the ritual and symbolic identity of bondage also the underlying of economic exchange that characterize reciprocity but to ultimately refer to biology I shall conclude kinship is held within the mind of an individual. From this, the opportunity in modern state to conceive is available to every individual. A key aspect of a family is kinship. Malinowski believed kinship to be consist of emotional attachments of individuals that exist to fulfill a purpose through customs that provide current meaning for members of that society. However, Freud saw that the key to understanding kinship would explain adaptive functions to the unconscious mind and how these adaptations derive from social problems (namely incest taboo) lead to the foundations of individual identities. The society was the family. The As with the principle hunting and fishing. Schneider believes western and American culture defines kinship as a system of relation, where it reflects real or assumed biological connections. From this, he also argues that what differentiates kinship from other systems is genealogy. It separates people from their friends, co-workers and neighbours (Stone 2001).The social notion of a family is based on the idea that our relationships with an obligation towards people we identify as part of the famil y will in some way be different from and often, by implication, closer than other relationships, such as friendships. Anthropologists look at relationships by blood or marriage as grounds for kinship as a social institution. In the Amazon, kinship is dually the origin for social organization (Levi-Strauss, 1982) and social relatedness (Carsten, 2000). This is seen as a ‘socio-cultural explanation. However, when collecting genealogies, biological explanations of kinship are not prescribed. Genealogies are a method in which to trace an individuals kin and family relationships for reference and address. Kinship relations are based on genealogies consistent with their folk culture theory and their idea of human production (1973 Cited in Stone 2001). The limitations of kindred and descent-based groups are shifting constantly. According to rules of kinship relationships distinct to biological roots, practices are flexible and integrate systems. These have no relation to any biological relationships. There are two opposing arguments of kinship values and defines it. Kinship and family cannot be defined in one aspect, it is multifaceted; it can be both founded on nature or culture (Akesson 2001) especially evident in consanguinity, friendship, affinity and name-sharing. The compadrazgo in Mexico form a trinity of kinship based on close ties between parents, godparents and child. Encountering a symbol of spiritual belonging providing a cultural idiom of behaviour which constitutes groups in society, indentifying a range of social relationships. As a form of address and reference metacommiunication by Gregory Bateson. A ritual of language between its fellow kinsmen. An immediate feature of kinship in New Guinea informs us that kin and family relationships can form and expand if people acknowledge nonkin relationships as a formula to genealogy. If regards are towards defining social relationships by means of kin or not, then a close relation towards someone can be stipulated. Consequently, the unusual sight of brother sister and cousins informally are as sibling in the sense of fellow kinsmen, even if the Trobrianders have no consanguineal or affinal relationship. ‘It is not the physical bond of common blood; it is the social acknowledgment and interpretation of it (Malinowski 1913) Like in Hawaii society, the general use of kin terminology compared to the western tradition, children call all members of their parental guardians father and mother because parenthood is unfeasible to ascertain. Personal names in referring to or addressing individuals shows this method of communication as being of genealogical relationships. A ritual in which continues a kinship relationship between the community in everyday interaction. Unblood related attachments of persons bond together as cousins in Hawaiian society can establish a relationship by naming each other kin meaning cousin. However, in accepting the naming and bondage implications this means the behavior and expectations of cousin is also implied. The treatment of such should be of equal status and respect regardless of any age. Such use of kin terms illustrates Schneiders argument that the recording and listing of kinship terms does not mean that their designation will follow accordingly (1968). As such, a modeled family in Chinese historical sources was seen as hierarchical clan members and lineage of social strata. Government based kinship ethics and kinship forms of power, it is appropriate that Confucius always looked back to the ancient past of the Three Dynasties. (Lewis 1990: 28-36). Members of each clan were said to be descendents of a mutual mythological ancestor. And shared a common emblem (totem), which signified their common character. Arguable, relating kinship to hierarchal status, orders the strengthening of state which results in kinship partnership in a political social life. Using the idiom of kinship implies that all exchanges even political are based on trust, are uncompetitive, and lack selfishness sand that relationship have long-term stability. Theses are fictive affinal and even blood kin these ideological assumptions do not always hold up. Exchanges create alliances. Families are being regulated by state governance, thus the family social life and government are institutional based on kinship forms of power. Rights and obligations to Jamaican mother and father through blood relations in providing financial support and caretaking services (Sobo 1993:79) As we can see kinships represent symbolic ideals of meaning which explain an integral and wider set of transitional symbols to convey implicit meanings for which are used regularly and ‘consciously to construct the idea of community. No matter what they project to the world they choose what will define them. No matter what their biology is, people can socially define themselves; the self is socially constructed (Shanley 2001 and Strathern 1992)). The understanding of kinship and family is a complex set of networks and patterns of relationships intertwined with intricate meanings. Kinship provides a framework where its cultural context can mobilize human behaviors. Freuds Totem and Taboo highlights the importance of religion and ritual in kinship and social organizations. However, to understand kinship one must understand the importance and relevance of and for term referred to as kinship other than accepting the restrictions of genealogy and its implications. Realizing its flexibility it constitutes boundaries is not without obligation. Paternity is established by (one of) the mothers sexual partners by giving numerous gifts to the midwife (Galvin 2001) As a social system, kinship embodies intervention, and new boundaries emerge. There is a new type of kinship because in present day, we live in a highly individuals society (Franklin 1999). An individual is defined by what they absorb from their environment. They choose what they project to the world and they choose what will define them. Practical reasons may trigger these activities whereby a male may not have any male siblings (brothers) and not able to interact or relate to his sister and look to depend on a close nit relationship with males outside of his kin group for belonging or social activities such as fishing and hunting. In exploration, parentages suffer consequences from internal fragmented kin relations extra need and related sentiments beyond ones boundaries can elevate into new cultures and subcultures. They provide men with models which are imperative to mans relationship to society and nature. The social construction enables friends to help and assist one another an d because of the development of integration with different relationships are classified as kinship and provide a sense of unity and identity. So, if human activity changes, the cultural context e.g kinship, should change as well. Thus it is the institutional aspect of peoples interactions that create a family (Strathern 1999). Weimatel observed Zumbagua in Ecuador, kinship is based on social conditions. That sharing food and time is what forms a family. Through nurturing, children and adults create binding kin relationships (1995). Individuals remain kin under the sharing of game and fish and also in physical absense if they choose this path. The ideals of the body idioms are also embodied in Amazonian societies. For example, ‘raw and the cooked (Levi-Strauss) shows an understanding of identity in a universal symbolic natural habitats of commensality. Through social exchange, social values and commodity exchange a semiotic use of the body creates personal identities and kinship ties. However, I f people so wish not to share or participate in obligations with to maintain an extended kinship these boundaries are optional. Therefore, there are no constraints on consanguineal kin as a system. Communities are not solely the product of biologically inherited drives releases from cultural constraints. Rather it is a product of peculiarity cultural meaning and social affairs bound in a manner that permits freedom of choice. The significance is individuality, kinship as and symbol and society an expression. It shapes and modes these peoples lifes and the ways in which they relate to each other, its a crucial concept in defining their social being. Furthermore, Schneider remarks that in American kinship, sexual intercourse is the natural act of procreation (Cited in Strathern). Sex is a way in which unifies male and female to share their biological substance. But, with aligning to modern procedures, new technologies of procreation allow lesbian and gay couples to have a family using assisted conception. This challenges the notion of kinship in a way that it does not involve a heterosexual couple and that the child is not biologically related to both parents. Stable family boundaries are now placed under threat (Stanley 2001). Artificial processes seem to replace natural ones (Strathern 1992). ‘Bonds between family members that people had once thought of as unchangeable to given were now viewed as established by human intention and will )Shanley 2001:88). Moreover, Kath Weston explores the topic of gay and lesbian couples having families through new reproductive systems, and she points that from this, it challenges Schneid ers account that in American kinship, families are based on procreation. For example An adopted son. The use of such language suggests that the relationship between parents and son is regarded as real as if the child were the parents biological offspring. Kinship is rhetoric of social relatedness, as Guemple argues (1972b), but whether based on biology or affinity, it is real as long as people see it as such. REFERENCES Freud, Sigmund. 1958 [1913]. Totem and taboo: Some points of Agreement between the Mental Lines of Savages and Neurotics. In SE. Vol. 13, PP. IX-162. Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1922. Argonauts of the Western Pacific. London. Lewis, I. M. 1971. Ecstatic Religion; An Anthropological Study of Spirit Possession and Shamanism. Harmondsworth. Levi-Strauss, Claude. 1969 [1964]. The Raw and the Cooked: Introduction to a Science of Mythology. Vol. 1. London. Schneider, Daniel. 1980. [1968]. American Kinship. Account. 2nd ed. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press Ltd. Shanley, Mary Lyndon (2001) Making Babies, Making Families: What Matters Most in an Age of Reproductive Technologies, Surrogacy, Adoption, and Same-Sex and Unwed Parents. Boston: Beacon Press. Stone, Linda. 2001. ‘Chapter One: Introduction In New Directions in Anthropological Kinship Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield Publisher. Ltd pp. 1-20. Strathern, Marilyn (1992) After Nature: English Kinship in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge University Press.

Judgments of Conduct in Sense and Sensibility Essay -- Austen Sense Se

Sense and Sensibility is an elegant story that portrays the advantages of the first over the second, as manifested between two sisters of opposing temperaments, one of whom loves wisely and the other passionately. Set in London and its surrounding countryside, the story relates how Elinor, the eldest of Mrs. Dashwood's daughters, and Marianne, the second eldest, share in the agony of tragic love. In the opening of the book, Mrs. Dashwood and her three daughters are forced to move to a new and smaller abode, as her husband's death left her fairly unwealthy. During their transition, the Dashwood's stayed with her step-son and his wife, Mr. and Mrs. John Dashwood. It is there where Elinor, practical and conventional, met and fell in love with Edward Ferrars, Mrs. John Dashwood's brother. One rainy morning, after being settled in their new cottage at Barton, Marianne, emotional and sentimental, was brought home from her walk with a sprained ankle by Willoughby, a dashing young man in his mid-twenties. Marianne immediately fell for Willoughby and he for her and in the following days and weeks he was invariably found at Barton. Another new friend to the family, Colonel Brandon watched the formation of this couple with sadness as he too, had fallen in love with Marianne. To her distress, while on an extended trip to London with friend and neighbor, Mrs. Jennings, Marianne suffered a broken heart upon hearing that Willoughby was concerned for his financial well-being and therefore had bestowed his affections elsewhere. A few months prior to the trip, Elinor learned that Edward was privately engaged to another woman, Lucy, but was bound to secrecy by this woman herself, who was not aware of Elinor's attachment to him. So while tr... ...d, representing sense, tried to relate her imagination and her feelings to her judgment and to the tradition on which society was based. She knew how to govern her feelings as she responded calmly and serenely in the most distressing circumstances. Elinor was more concerned for the feelings of others, but Austen indicates that Elinor suffers a great deal, and her thoughts were often diverted from her own misery to the afflictions of her sister, for whom she had a great deal of compassion. Jane Austen pulled off her aim as a matchmaker and true love triumphed as sense gave way to sensibility and sensibility gave way to sense. In the novel, Austen expresses a universal truth which is the key to her character development-- 'the imaginations of other people will carry them away to form wrong judgments of our conduct, and to decide on it by slight appearances'. Â  

Culture: Influence In Everyday Life Essay

Culture is a way of life for people, and it helps construct the foundation for people’s values, beliefs, and choices in life. Culture makes societies unique, making it an essential element in influencing our everyday lives. As it’s carried from generation to generation, people will adapt to new technology and changes, but the principals remain the same. There is no doubt that my culture has influenced me in making almost every decision in my life so far, underlying what I’ve been taught and the values I’ve been raised with. It is also important to be able to recognize and respect other cultures, and not believe one’s own culture is more valuable or superior than the rest. Sometimes issues of racism occur when people are unable to connect culturally with others. Being tolerant and understanding what other cultures value is the key for successful acceptance of one another. I was born in the California, but my parents and generation before them were all born in Mexico, which makes me Hispanic. The principles and knowledge past down to me from a very early age begin with family and manners, and that is pretty much very universal with all Hispanic families. Having good etiquette, especially with people outside your family is very important. Being respectful of one’s surroundings and with what is not yours is part of showing others that you’re a respectful individual, and also part of being a liked individual. The general idea is to give out respect in order to receive respect back from others. I have applied that idea to every event in my life, like going to a job interview and even when arguing with somebody. Having table manners is also a part of good etiquette, which includes knowing when and how to greet people, being polite and such. Many times the whole family is judged by how just one member behaves. Family in Hispanic cultures is very close, they have Bar B Q’s or birthday parties very often, and it’s all part of having the opportunity to see the tios, tias, or cousins that are not seen very often. Family greeting are lengthy; hugging, kissing, and touching are not uncommon, and phone contacts or visitations are very popular. Being raised with family values is an influential element not only on deciding what is best for me, but for the family also. Making decisions may involve knowing how it will affect the family; for example,  peer pressure could have made me fall into drugs, but in my case, when family views are valued, drug addict was not the best label for me or the best image for family, so a different route was chosen. Always wanting the best for the family involves making the family look good and possibly helping it in the future, for me, going to college is part of it. Religion and god has also been a part of what I’ve learned and valued. Most of the Hispanic cultures value religion to a great extent, making it a daily ritual to thank and pray to god for what we have or do not have. The culture that I’ve been exposed to has gone through many changes due to the technological advances and country differences. But the fundamentals have been passed down to me. Even though the religious practices may not be followed as strictly as prior generations, my religious believes are still greatly influenced by what I’ve seen, heard, and interacted with since I can remember. One topic that is very controversial and has a lot to do with people’s culture has to do with how much and to what extent is life valued; for example, stem cell research and abortion. Usually people base their side of the argument with what they’ve grown up to believe in. A pregnant woman will have a hard time deciding to have an abortion when her values are impeding her to make such decisions. In the same manner, people do not see stem cell research with scientific eyes, or better yet, they just do not care. They only see the life involved and their belief that life is a very valuable gift. Sometimes culture involves a set of rules that are universally understood and followed by the whole group. My culture does not influence me to a great extend as far as what I wear or what I eat. But other cultures, like the Amish, do have certain rules to follow making them have few choices in life. Being able to understand other cultures like the Amish, begins with knowing about the tradition, faith, and experiences of these culture groups. The things that I like or do not like will always be affected by my culture. Whether it be food, customs, or ideas, my mentality and judgment upon them has already been set. People with no culture have a tough time getting along, yet alone having successful lives. This is simply because they do not know right from wrong or what is expected from him or her as a worker, wife, husband, or any other societal character. Being able to embrace and accept the beliefs, norms, and values of other cultures is a must for cultural diversity to exist in any place, in this world.

Fiction and film essay

Fiction and film essay " A good filmic adaption of a novel is true to the novel's form and content". Critically examine this statement in the light of the filmic adaptions of novels you have read for this course.In this essay I will argue that a good filmic adaption must be true to a novel's form and content. I will use as my argument the novels Jane Eyre, by Charlotte Bronte, and Les Liaisons Dangereuses, by Choderlos De Laclos; and the films Jane Eyre, directed by Franco Zeffirelli and Dangerous Liaisons, directed by Stephen Frears. For a good filmic adaption to occur, the film must represent the distinction of and capture the sensations that are produced by a novel. It must allow for its meaning and portrayal to be of the same critical and expedient standard of the novel. This leads me to my thesis: A good filmic adaptation must depict the general and popular themes of the novel, and thus comply the visual imagery of the screen with the essence and imagery more strongly purports by the author of the nov el.English: Count Valmont, frontispiece for 'Les Lias...I will draw upon two elements of both novels: Concept, with the examples of feminism and passion; and form, with the examples of time, spaces and point of view.The protagonist and leading characters of the novels portray feminism, in both novels. In Jane Eyre we see a woman whose morals and dignity surpassed the pressure of society of the imposed duty of marriage for women. Marriage again becomes a strong theme in Les Liaisons Dangereuses, as the 'satanic heroine', Marquise de Merteuil, used marriage as a weapon to learn how to empower men: "The first night (with husband)...offered me only a further opportunity for experience" p183. Jane's individualism and strength, combined with the Marquise's manipulation and...

WW II essays

WW II essays -Schlieffen's Plan involved using 90% of Germany's armed forces to attack France. -Fearing the French forts on the border with Germany, Schlieffen suggested a scythee-like attack through Holand, Belgium, and Luxembourg. The rest of the German Army woudl be sent to defensive positions in the east to stop the expected Russian advance. -On 2nd August 1914, the Schlieffen Plan was put into operation. -August 4th 1914, Britain entered the war. The Schlieffen Plan had nto taken that into consideration. -British resistance at Mons and the slow retreat after the battle agve the French more time to prepare for the Germans attack. -Kluck, the German commander in France, saw that he could not keep to the Schlieffen Plan because of the resistance from the British. -Kluck changed the plan of attack; instead of going around Paris the Germans turned south. This left the Channel ports along the coast free from attackand enabled British reinforcements to get to France. -By December 1914 trenches ran from Switzerland to the Channel coast. Trench life was rough for all troops. Men spent countless hours in muddy rat-infested pits surrounded by dead bodies. -Defending the trenches was an easy task. Massed roles of barbed wire laid in front of the trenches made an enemy advance very difficult and slow. -Thousands of shells were fired into enemy lines in hopes to disable the trenches defence allowing for a sucessful attack. However the bombings acted as a warning for the opposition, giving them time to set up and prepare for the troops advancing from the trenches. -Major Battles: 1915:Ypres, Loos, Vimy Ridge, Cambrai, Messines. 1918: Marne, St. Quentin. -Germans losses: 281,000 men. French losses: 315,000 men. These losses from the attacks above. -The Somme was Briatin's most costly battle. Date: July 1st 1916; 60,000 men were killed out of a 100,000 men army.The battle ended in the middle of November 1916, and Britain had suffe ...

The Invention of Paper

The Invention of Paper Try to imagine life without paper. Even in the era of emails and digital books, paper is all around us. Paper is in shopping bags, money, store receipts, cereal boxes, and toilet paper. We use paper in so many ways every day. So, where did this marvelously versatile material come from? According to ancient Chinese historical sources, a court eunuch named Tsai Lun (or Cai Lun) presented the newly-invented paper to the Emperor Hedi of the Eastern Han Dynasty in 105 CE. The historian Fan Hua (398-445 CE) recorded this version of events, but archaeological finds from western China and Tibet suggest that paper was invented centuries earlier. Samples of even more ancient paper, some of it dating to c. 200 BCE, have been unearthed in the ancient Silk Road cities of Dunhuang and Khotan, and in Tibet. The dry climate in these places allowed the paper to survive for up to 2,000 years without entirely decomposing. Amazingly, some of this paper even has ink marks on it, proving that ink was invented much earlier than historians had supposed. Writing Materials Before  Paper Of course, people in various places around the world were writing long before the invention of paper. Materials such as bark, silk, wood, and leather functioned in a similar way to paper, although they were either much more expensive or heavier. In China, many early works were recorded on long bamboo strips, which were then bound with leather straps or string into books. People world-wide also carved very important notations into stone or bone, or pressed stamps into wet clay and then dried or fired the tablets to preserve their words. However, writing (and later printing) required a material that was both cheap and lightweight to become truly ubiquitous. Paper fit the bill perfectly. Chinese Paper-Making Early paper-makers in China used hemp fibers, which were soaked in water and pounded with a large wooden mallet. The resulting slurry was then poured over a horizontal mold; loosely-woven cloth stretched over a framework of bamboo allowed the water to drip out the bottom or evaporate, leaving behind a flat sheet of dry hemp-fiber paper. Over time, paper-makers began to use other materials in their product, including bamboo, mulberry and different types of tree bark. They dyed paper for official records with a yellow substance, the imperial color, which had the added benefit of repelling insects that might have destroyed the paper otherwise. One of the most common formats for early paper was the scroll. A few long pieces of paper were pasted together to form a strip, which was then wrapped around a wooden roller. The other end of the paper was attached to a thin wooden dowel, with a piece of silk cord in the middle to tie the scroll shut. The Spread of Paper-Making From its point of origin in China, the idea and technology of paper-making spread throughout Asia. In the 500s CE, artisans on the Korean Peninsula began to make paper using many of the same materials as Chinese paper-makers. The Koreans also used rice straw and seaweed, expanding the types of fiber available for paper production. This early adoption of paper fueled the Korean innovations in printing, as well. Metal movable type was invented by 1234 CE on the peninsula. Around 610 CE, according to legend, the Korean Buddhist monk Don-Cho introduced paper-making to the court of Emperor Kotoku in Japan. Paper-making technology also spread west through Tibet and then south into India. Paper Reaches the Middle East and Europe In 751 CE, the armies of Tang China and the ever-expanding Arab Abbasid Empire clashed in the Battle of Talas River, in what is now Kyrgyzstan. One of the most interesting repercussions of this Arab victory was that the Abbasids captured Chinese artisans, including master paper-makers like Tou Houan, and took them back to the Middle East. At that time, the Abbasid Empire stretched from Spain and Portugal in the west through North Africa to Central Asia in the east, so knowledge of this marvelous new material spread far and wide. Before long, cities from Samarkand (now in Uzbekistan) to Damascus and Cairo had become centers of paper production. In 1120, the Moors established Europes first paper mill at Valencia, Spain (then called Xativa). From there, this Chinese invention passed to Italy, Germany, and other parts of Europe. Paper helped spread knowledge, much of which was gleaned from the great Asian culture centers along the Silk Road, that enabled Europes High Middle Ages. Manifold Uses Meanwhile, in East Asia, paper was used for an enormous number of purposes. Combined with varnish, it became beautiful lacquer-ware storage vessels and furniture. In Japan, the walls of homes were often made of rice-paper. Besides paintings and books, paper was made into fans, umbrellas, even highly effective armor. Paper truly is one of the most wonderful Asian inventions of all time.

Identity theft Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Identity theft - Research Paper Example This begins with understanding the various reasons why this problem remains relatively under-appreciated and what drives some people to engage in this sort of activity. At the same time that internet criminals are becoming ever more sophisticated in their means of making money from their activities, the general consumer public remains relatively unaware of the dangers. Everyone has heard of the identity theft and many have been victims of it, but few are willing to take the steps necessary to protect themselves against it. Despite the increasing numbers of online shoppers and the relative ease shoppers encounter as they enter an online retailer site, there are several negative factors not directly related to the consumer that nevertheless affect consumer behavior when determining whether to make an online purchase. One of the primary dangers being confronted is the issue of identity theft and information mining being conducted on reputable as well as questionable sites (Wolfinbarger & Gilly, 2003). Until these issues had received some attention, buyers were recommended to make online purchases using more traditional modes of payment rather than through credit cards or online bank transfers. In more recent years, however, numerous security sites and software has been developed designed to assist retail clients build consumer confidence in making the more convenient credit card purchases over the internet, displaying small padlocks as a sign of trust or requiring specific security codes prior to accepti ng a payment through shopping cart technology (Wolfinbarger & Gilly, 2003). While it has become infinitely safer to make purchases online, shoppers are still cautioned to use care when entering personal information and in choosing retailers. Despite the relative ease shoppers encounter as they enter an online retailer site, there are several negative factors that must be weighed before an actual purchase is made. As is reported by Steven Chucala

Korean Film class midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Korean Film class midterm - Essay Example Personal life of an individual intersects with the historical and cultural specifications of the country in a particular historical period of time. â€Å"Peppermint Candy† is successfully embodied this idea into its perfect content and unforgettable form. The central character in â€Å"Peppermint Candy† is considered to be a man that is named Kim Yong-ho. The opening scene of the film introduces his intention to commit a suicide. Kim Yong-ho stays on rails in front of the moving train with the words â€Å"I want to go back again† (Shin and Stringer, 161). Viewers have a chance to observe the result of his entire life, but the reasons seem in this situation more interesting. It is relevant to admit that further actions in the movie represent the number of causes that lead to such tragic and irrevocable final. The last words of Kim Yong-ho expose his desire to return to the past and built his life differently. The moment of frustration and despair is included into the opening scene and viewers are involved to Kim Yong-ho’s self disappointment and discord of his personality. This man does not find a sense in his life and does not have a desire to exist. Obviously, he wishes to correct his mistakes, but his understanding and recognition of inability to fix the past induces him only to death. He stays in front of the moving train and ready to go to eternity. The filmmakers of â€Å"Peppermint Candy† place the moment of highest emotional tension in the beginning of the movie. The step-by-step explanation goes next through the number of flashbacks that constructs the entire film. Lee Chang Dong uses the technique of reverse chronology in order to objectify his concept into this particular movie. Viewers pretend to follow the most relevant episodes from the Kim Yong-ho’s personal and social life. The last twenty years of his existence is depicted in the â€Å"Peppermint Candy† with the help of â€Å"reverse temporal denouement† beginning with 1999 and

Operation Management - Maritime, Oil Spills Research Paper

Operation Management - Maritime, Oil Spills - Research Paper Example Discussion Oil spillage has extreme negative impacts on the environment in terms of pollution. This affects the communities that heavily depend on water for their lively hoods and their survival. The most directly affected by oil spills are the marine plants and animals because they live in the same environment that spillage takes place. Spillage can be as a result of oil seeping from the underwater reservoir, accidents of ships carrying oil and also from land sources. The sea animals are subject to both indirect and direct repercussions of oil spillage. According to Neff (2002), some of the direct effects include; inhalation problems, which commonly affect whales, dolphins and sea turtles. These animals require oxygen for their survival. They animals usually come to the water surface constantly to inhale oxygen. The inhalation of dangerous materials can cause irritation, pneumonia or inflammation of their respiratory organs. Negative impacts can also be felt on their digestion mecha nisms where these animals are unable to either digest or absorb food. Human beings are also directly affected by oil spills. When oil spills, it creates a vapor in the air which is as a result of evaporation of oil in the air since oil is a semi –volatile product. ... Oil spill also affects mangrove trees whose rate of growth tends to be slow when their prop roots are covered with oil (Burger, 1994). Oil spillage has posed a very significant challenge on fisheries which also acts as a food reservoir. Oil spills has affected the genetics of some fish which has affected their egg bearing. Oil spillage may also lead to extinction of certain types of fish in the sea in the near future which may lead to the closure of fisheries if several types of fish become extinct in the sea. Oil spills may cause loss of color on fish and lead to their loss of weight the reasons that may cause fishing to be closed for some time because this fish will be unfit for human consumption thereby causing food shortage (Neff, 2002). Boats and other sea vessels are prone to destruction because of running on viscous and thick layers of oil which have resulted from oil leaked from pipes in the underwater. Some thick oil globules present in the water due to oil spillage may be s ucked in the boat’s systems, which definitely affect the functioning of the boat due to the fact that all systems draw water into the boat near the surface. For it to function well, a very strategic cleanup process is used to disperse and manage the mess. Many ships, boats and other sea vessels may tend to avoid their travelling schedules until the oil spillages under control thus causing congestion of traffic and goods to be transported (Burger, 1994). Trade may also be adversely affected by oil spillage due to various factors. One of factors may be due to interruption of transportation lines where boats and other marine vessels may fail to operate due to oil

Case Analysis Publix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Analysis Publix - Essay Example Publix head office is based in Florida and is a grocery chain with huge numbers of employees, serves a large pool of customers and has its branches and operations spinning across different states in the USA. Society, Sub cultures This company looks at the society it operates in with pride, acceptance, and joy because it has lived by its philosophy of caring for the people as part of its corporate culture in that it helps the customers meet their needs and realize the extraordinary achievements in their lives. This has a major impact on the society since in a way it empowers the customers through various incentives and most importantly through offering customer focused services. This is why the associates of Publix have it clear in their minds whenever at work because they understand that they are not just running a grocery business but have the responsibility of doing the people business. And to that extend, taking care of the needs of associates, customers, its suppliers, and the co mmunity as a whole is very central to this supermarket chain (Publix Case, 2011). The other concept that Publix has addressed in its business operations is the dealing with different sub-cultures that are strewn all over the United States. Indeed the US has the most cosmopolitan community in the world. These people have different cultures that define their daily lives. It has been very necessary for Publix to deal effectively with cross-cultural differences within its workforce, the public and most critically its customers. To its employees, this supermarket chain appreciates their efforts and recognizes every individual and group as an important component of its continued growth and has this as part of its organizational culture. Thus to its employees, recognition and genuine appreciation of the contributions that these employees make is part and parcel of Publix and fosters the slogan of ‘where working is a pleasure’. The chain has an eye on its branches in different communities across the US. The customers have their own cultural beliefs in terms of shopping trends, likes and dislikes. To ensure that the supermarket is able to deal with the cross-cultural issues, the associates make contact with the customers and through the interaction; they get to know each other on a one on one basis. This has built a culture of appreciation and the firm is able to understand the different cultural needs of its customers. The customers have fallen in line with Publix’s slogan of ‘where shopping is a pleasure’ (Publix Case, 2011). Demographics/Socio-culture The operations of Publix are revolving around caring and meeting the needs of all its customers despite having different ages, social class, race, and origin. It is in this light that the customers, employees and the public hold the view that Publix has no socio-cultural barriers and neither does it discriminate against people based on their demographic differences. To this chain, the d emographic and socio-cultural differences are just another added advantage for it to serve its customers fully without one part feeling left out! The effects of globalization, doing away with barriers to trade and economics, competition, advances in technology and the fact that people-centered services have become critical to success makes Publix the choice of many and these factors have seen the chain grow faster. The

Finality of arbitral awards under Islamic or sharia law Dissertation

Finality of arbitral awards under Islamic or sharia law - Dissertation Example Islamic countries ‘too often have impermissibly interfered with international arbitration cases.’4 Many different cultural, political, and geographical factors have constituted the foundation of the Islamic legal system, and pure knowledge of the law does not suffice to understand the Islamic jurisdictional system.5 While international arbitration as a contemporary legal system is relatively new to Arab nations, arbitration per se in the Islamic world dates back to 622 A.D. ... Jarrar8 called the finality of arbitration as arbitrary, and the principle that the results of arbitration are binding and final is a myth. This is not to say, however, that the teachings of Sharia are directly contradictory to the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards. It is actually to the greater interest of Islamic countries which issue Sukuk bonds to streamline arbitration proceedings to reduce the perceived risks investors assume when investing in these Sharia-based financial instruments. Arbitration is invaluable for the average investor to pursue claims in any dispute, including Islamic finance, because arbitration is usually less costly and therefore favourable to individual investors. Added to these is the absence of uniformity among remedies and the complexities of navigating conflicts of law issues makes litigation an unfavourable means of obtaining relief. Therefore, it is to the advantage of Islamic financial institutions, in particular, and Islamic business in general to enhance systematic procedures that affirm and enforce arbitral awards, both domestic and international. 1.2 Conventions influencing the enforcement of arbitral awards in Islamic member states As of January 1, 2009, 143 out of a total of 192 member States have adopted the New York Convention of 1958, among whom are all the major players in the Sukuk bonds market, namely Malaysia (1985), Bahrain (1988), Qatar (2003) and the UAE (2006). This is because Sukuk issuances have come to be accepted globally, and its compliance with arbitration is most useful in the resolution of international disputes arising out of the terms of the Sukuk contracts. Increasingly, the Gulf States have over the years acceded to the Convention, including Kuwait

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 107

Assignment Example Chapter 22 is called genitourinary alterations. This chapter talks about diseases that attack the urinary tract and the genitals. The chapter further provides treatment and nursing care for victims suffering from genitourinary alterations. It also talks about the pathophysiology of these alterations. Chapter 23 on the other hand, talks about gastrointestinal alterations. These are defects that affect the gastrointestinal tract. The chapter then goes deeper to further elaborate on these alterations. The chapter then gives as ways in which we can take care of patients diagnosed with these alterations. Chapter 24 talks about respiratory alterations. These are diseases that affect the lungs and trachea; the respiratory system. These alterations hinder with the intake of oxygen in the body and may also lead to an increase in production of carbon dioxide in the body. The chapter then tells means of controlling and treating these alterations. In conclusion, upon completion of the reading of this book a student should be able to know pharmacological treatments for these alterations. Pharmacology deals with the study of drug action. Hence one should know which drug is appropriate for which disease and how the drug acts in the

Case Analysis Publix Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Analysis Publix - Essay Example Publix head office is based in Florida and is a grocery chain with huge numbers of employees, serves a large pool of customers and has its branches and operations spinning across different states in the USA. Society, Sub cultures This company looks at the society it operates in with pride, acceptance, and joy because it has lived by its philosophy of caring for the people as part of its corporate culture in that it helps the customers meet their needs and realize the extraordinary achievements in their lives. This has a major impact on the society since in a way it empowers the customers through various incentives and most importantly through offering customer focused services. This is why the associates of Publix have it clear in their minds whenever at work because they understand that they are not just running a grocery business but have the responsibility of doing the people business. And to that extend, taking care of the needs of associates, customers, its suppliers, and the co mmunity as a whole is very central to this supermarket chain (Publix Case, 2011). The other concept that Publix has addressed in its business operations is the dealing with different sub-cultures that are strewn all over the United States. Indeed the US has the most cosmopolitan community in the world. These people have different cultures that define their daily lives. It has been very necessary for Publix to deal effectively with cross-cultural differences within its workforce, the public and most critically its customers. To its employees, this supermarket chain appreciates their efforts and recognizes every individual and group as an important component of its continued growth and has this as part of its organizational culture. Thus to its employees, recognition and genuine appreciation of the contributions that these employees make is part and parcel of Publix and fosters the slogan of ‘where working is a pleasure’. The chain has an eye on its branches in different communities across the US. The customers have their own cultural beliefs in terms of shopping trends, likes and dislikes. To ensure that the supermarket is able to deal with the cross-cultural issues, the associates make contact with the customers and through the interaction; they get to know each other on a one on one basis. This has built a culture of appreciation and the firm is able to understand the different cultural needs of its customers. The customers have fallen in line with Publix’s slogan of ‘where shopping is a pleasure’ (Publix Case, 2011). Demographics/Socio-culture The operations of Publix are revolving around caring and meeting the needs of all its customers despite having different ages, social class, race, and origin. It is in this light that the customers, employees and the public hold the view that Publix has no socio-cultural barriers and neither does it discriminate against people based on their demographic differences. To this chain, the d emographic and socio-cultural differences are just another added advantage for it to serve its customers fully without one part feeling left out! The effects of globalization, doing away with barriers to trade and economics, competition, advances in technology and the fact that people-centered services have become critical to success makes Publix the choice of many and these factors have seen the chain grow faster. The

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 107

Assignment Example Chapter 22 is called genitourinary alterations. This chapter talks about diseases that attack the urinary tract and the genitals. The chapter further provides treatment and nursing care for victims suffering from genitourinary alterations. It also talks about the pathophysiology of these alterations. Chapter 23 on the other hand, talks about gastrointestinal alterations. These are defects that affect the gastrointestinal tract. The chapter then goes deeper to further elaborate on these alterations. The chapter then gives as ways in which we can take care of patients diagnosed with these alterations. Chapter 24 talks about respiratory alterations. These are diseases that affect the lungs and trachea; the respiratory system. These alterations hinder with the intake of oxygen in the body and may also lead to an increase in production of carbon dioxide in the body. The chapter then tells means of controlling and treating these alterations. In conclusion, upon completion of the reading of this book a student should be able to know pharmacological treatments for these alterations. Pharmacology deals with the study of drug action. Hence one should know which drug is appropriate for which disease and how the drug acts in the

Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay Example for Free

Letter from Birmingham Jail Essay Letter From Birmingham City Jail: An Appeal of Logic, Emotions, and Personal Conviction In persuasive essays, authors attempt to help their readers consider a point by using a variety of techniques to present their arguments. To captivate a reader’s attention in an appealing way, they offer logical reasoning, emotional testimonies, and their own personal convictions to present different arguments in favor of their platform. These three phenomena, known as logos, pathos, and ethos, are valuable tools in any writer’s work. In â€Å"Letter from Birmingham City Jail,† Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. writes to the clergymen as an argument supporting civil disobedience, asserting his mission to end segregation through a series of peaceful protests. In order to inspire his captive audience, Martin Luther King effectively uses ethos, pathos, and logos throughout the letter to reinforce his persuasive appeals. One way authors present their arguments is through a series of logical appeals and reasoning, which is partly what â€Å"Letter From Birmingham City Jail† aims to do. This concept, called logos, is the presentation of different key ideas. From the opening of his letter, King clearly states his objective, â€Å"To try and answer [the clergy’s] statements† regarding his â€Å"unwise and untimely† protests (King 205). However, to merely state his arguments is not enough. Reading the World explains, â€Å"while evidence provides the basis for an argument’s support, how we apply logic to that evidence is part of how we make that argument effective† (Austin 597). To justify reasons by explaining their motives is key to persuasion. What exactly is King’s objective in organizing silent protests? He explains: â€Å"I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that law and order exist for the purpose of establishing justice I had hoped that the white moderate would understand that the present tension in the South is a necessary phase of the transition from an obnoxious negative peace†¦we who engage in nonviolent direct action are not the creators of tension. We merely bring to the surface the hidden tension that is already alive. We bring it out in the open, where it can be seen and dealt with† (King 209). King justifies protests against segregation by arguing that white city officials do not recognize the connection between social justice and law and order. He wants them to make the association and realize segregation in the south is the true source of racial tension. Once segregation laws become lifted, such rigidity would be relieved. In sum, ethos, pathos, and logos are all necessary and equally important criteria in composing a persuasive letter or document. In utilizing the three, Martin Luther King is able to present a logical argument in favor of desegregation backed with emotional support in a professional format. â€Å"Letter to Birmingham City Jail† was a significantly influential piece of writing during the Civil Rights Movement and drew a substantial amount of awareness towards advancement in racial equality. Had King not made use of all three, his letter may not have been as effective, or might have never contributed to the end of segregation as we know it.

Abuse To The Elderly In Society

Abuse To The Elderly In Society Introduction Abuse to the elderly people has been a common practice in most societies in different parts of the world, there is need to stop this trend in line with the protection of human rights. Research has found that a larger percentage of elderly people are abused all over the world. This is attributed to the difficulties that the elderly undergo, ranging from violation of their rights, financial abuse, psychological torture, physical abuse and negligence. The research carried in nursing institutions ranked the nursing homes as the leading places of negligence to the elderly. Majority of elderly people are taken to the nursing homes where they are left without enough care or given last priority in terms of medical needs and the diet. (Daly Coffey, 2010) Generally the state of the elderly people can be very pathetic in modern society due to the increasing economic recession, which is associated with difficulties hence rendering the elderly as an economic burden. This paper deals with different forms of abuse in the modern society that include; violation of their rights, financial abuse, psychological torture, physical abuse, and negligence. (BuÃ…Â ¾govà ¡ Ivanovà ¡, 2009) It also explores various causes of abuse to the elderly people in the society; the specific areas that have been identified include institutional setups, nature of the employment (employee) contract and the specific client characteristics in the case of elderly people being involved in the business enterprises. Literature review In a study that was carried out on elder abuse in long-term care by Garre-Olmo (2009). There were high rates of elderly abuse in the societies living in United States of America. The subsequent study was carried out by it was found out that more than one third of the 577 nursing homes had witnessed elder abuse, with psychological abuse cited as the most prevalent type. The authors concluded that abuse of residents in Nursing homes was sufficiently extensive to merit public concern. From the research work of Garre-Olmo Elderly neglect can be grouped into three main categories which include; The day to day activities (shopping for food or clothing, preparation of meals, carrying out routine housework, traveling or transportation), The Personal care and hygiene such as washing, bathing, dressing, undressing, and eating, Help when it comes to correct dosage and the timing of medication, for those who live alone, or in receipt of elderly services, those with a worsened health status, the elderly men, and divorced women, separated, or lonely. The risk of financial abuse is very high. However, the issue of awareness of elderly abuse amongst the health and the social caregivers has not been properly evaluated. The Nurses knowledge on the topic of elderly abuse was extensively explored by the researchers, who gave the recommendations for the educational extensions on assessment, the legal implications and the availability of possible interventions. Different suggestions on the way the nurses should examine their attitude in relation to the elderly patients. In recent times, the researchers have recommendation for educational measures to help the practitioner identification and management of cases related to elderly abuse. on their McGarry Simpson (2009) research on United Kingdoms GPs indicated that one of the strongest factors that can predict the diagnosis of elderly abuse was the acquisition of knowledge on the risk situations, according to the research above the GPs who frequently read articles with topics on abuse elderly people had the highest preference in d iagnosing elderly abuse as compared to those who did not do the same. In the cases of long-term care, the residents are always in need for assistance in their day to day living activities, therefore in such cases the caregivers are overloaded, the elderly people are then exposed to very abusive situations. In the attempt to understand the causes of elder abuse, the researchers have studied other forms of family violence such as child abuse and spousal abuse. They assert that it is important to differentiate between theories and the risk factors. McGarry Simpson states that, the Risk factors such as stress, is supposed to be considered as a theoretical explanation of the reasons behind elderly abuse, other risk factors include; Trans-generational family violence, Dependency, Psychology of the abuser, and social isolation. Garre-Olmo (2009) Attempted to classify the types of abuse and the risk factors in a detailed manner with reference to the continuum of elderly abuse. The early studies based on caregivers stress as the key issue, the main focus was on the older persons physical and mental difficulties. There is limited evidence that supports the focus on the elderly people who the victims, hence most researchers concentrate on the abuser (perpetrator) The identification of the elderly abuse proves to be difficult for the healthcare Workers. Most of professionals concerned with elderly peoples care giving have expressed the lack of confidence in reporting the abuses. The difficulties have been attributed to the lack of awareness and the difference in the perceptions of concerning the victims(elder abuse).In a specific case in Ireland, the researchers contacted a survey on hospital workers and the doctors on how they understood the phrase elderly abuse, the results implicated that most of the participants felt very uncomfortable with the phrase elder abuse Contrary to this, the social workers were very conversant with the phrase, variation was not taken well by the researchers, it was attributed to the type of training that social workers receive while undergoing their studies at the undergraduate level. Education and training for the Doctors should also include the chronological age structure with the focus on the adult protection. This will be very significant in the efforts to prevent of the elderly abuse. (Ga rre-Olmo) According to, Erlingsson , Carlson , Saveman (2006) it has been found out that in case of the long-term care the main cause of Elderly abuse was due to the lack of awareness amongst the staff who were mostly involved in the verbal abuse by use of certain were abusive words. Despite the efforts which have been input in attempting to improve the awareness on the issue of elderly abuse, the elderly people who reside in the long-term care units are likely to be exposed to more vulnerable situations. Peri, Fanslow, Hand, (2008) extensively carried out their research to examine the knowledge and the perceptions of the staff members working in the long-term care section on what constitutes the act of elderly abuse. In research that was carried out in the Unite States the prevalence figures ranked neglect as the leading form of mistreatment in the with 1.1%, financial abuse followed with (0.7%), the physical and psychological abuse were ranked 3rd with both having 0.4% and the sexual abuse was ranked last with 0.2%. Compared with the surveys done in other countries, the prevalence was lower for all types of abuse, but highest when it came to neglect. This was a reflection of the differences between the USA and the other countries, (Erlingsson, Carlson, Saveman ) Interview In order to find out more insides on the findings that indicate women to be having a long lifespan as compared men and followed by mistreatment, an interview was carried out and Mrs. Jones was the main corresponded, Mrs. Jones is a an Elderly woman who lives in the Caregiver units established by the government. Asked on the above topic, she reported that she had witnessed men aged 75 years and over, she said that these were likely to experience financial abuse as compared men in younger age groups, contrary to this she said that women who were aged 75years and over were more likely to be exposed to negligence. According to her, the prevalence of abuse with the exclusion of negligence, increased with age for men, while it decreased with age for women. Concerning the variation of elderly abuse with various factors she gave the explanation that; Mistreatment varies with the socio-economic position of the elderly majority of those who last worked in semi-routine and full routine jobs who worked for small employers being at higher risk. Overall, those who were living in the rented housing had the highest tendency to be neglected. She had witnessed the highest level of mistreatment by separated or divorced to partners as compared to those who were widowed. However she said that People who were living alone were more likely to experience financial abuse as compared to those living with others. She also said that mistreatment by the health status tends to increase with the declining health status. The level of elderly abuse was highest for people with: a self-reported status of bad or worse health, especially for a limiting long-term kind of illness, and lower living standards. When questioned about the Perpetrators abuse to the elderly she replied that Greater percentages of mistreatment in her past experience mainly involved a partner / spouse, although other family members were involved to a small extent, the care worker followed and close friends being the least implicated. She confirmed that men comprised of the highest percentage in the interpersonal elderly abuse be it physically, psychologically and sexually with women being less abusive. The age structure of most perpetrators tended to be younger especially for those who carried out financial abuse as she compared to those carried out interpersonal abuse. Mrs. Jones emphasized that most of the perpetrators were living in the victims house during the times of abuse When asked on whether she has ever been abused she agreed with the statement that the most commonly effects she felt when abused was emotional with such feelings as anger or upset, and social effects which made her feel cut off from family and friends. On the mode of reporting the incidences of elderly abuse, she said that the majority of the incidents were reported or sought help. However she cited under-estimation because of the conservative nature of the way that was used to measure the kind of mistreatment According to her, the problem of negligence stood out as a predominant type of elderly abuse, followed by the financial abuse. This contrasted to the common assumptions the notion of abuse as only physical violence. She confirmed that the risk factors for negligence included; female gender, aged of 75 years and above, severe suffering or a much deteriorated health status and the likelihood of one being in receipt of, or in close touch with, the services. Concerning the steps that should be taken to alleviate Elderly Abuse she recommended as follows; Rooting out age discrimination, Person centered care, mental health in older people, Legislation has to be introduced in order to extend the regulation to the area of private care units, Access to Care Services should be fair, the criteria for eligibility for adult social care should aimed at the provisions for those who have been assessed to have their basic needs, independence granted, well-being and choice, Emphasis should be on the positive aspects of risk and the importance of personalising care through which people can be more involved in making choices between the type and level of support they need. These developments aim at influencing the background on which abuse is recognized as a very big social problem. Pertaining the role of the government she proposed that, the government department in charge of Health should launch a Dignity campaign in Care, coupled with the dignity tests, championship and a dignity challenge that ensures zero tolerance of all forms of abuse in the provision of services and to ensure that the elderly people feel freely to complain without the fear of retribution. Mrs. Jones pointed out that Psychological abuse in most cases is the worst forms of abuse to elderly , she explained that people who are psychologically abused will report cases that show them having been undermined or belittled; insulted, called bad names or sworn at, the prevention from seeing others; and having been excluded or repeatedly ignored by the caregivers. In the past years these cases of psychological abuse had occurred and in most times involved the same person who was targeted by the abusers. She linked the causes of elderly abuse to institutions, employment (employee) and the specific client characteristics. This implies that there is need for formulation of policies that will act as preventive measures for elderly people especially in residential places. The policies should define who an elderly person is, their basic human needs, who to be in charge of the elderly /caregiver, the qualifications of the care giving institutions in case of an abuse. Discussion The issue of elderly abuse is a very vital, There is need to address it, particularly in the long-term care settings where the elderly. People totally depend on external help and are more vulnerable to abuse. This study ascertains the perceptions that different people take concerning the state of elderly and the associated abuse. Amongst the nurses and social workers who worked in long-term care setups for older people. Most of the staff in the care units doesnt have the basic education which can enable them deal with the elderly abuse and there was a considerable uncertainty on what constitutes elderly abuse. (Daly Coffey) There is need to setup the standards for the providers of care and support services to the elderly people. These standards should be based on key factors such as the risk factors for them to be relevant to the efforts of prevention of the abuses. The significance of partnership working between the hospitals and the social care units, between the social care and the police, the voluntary and independent sectors was a reflection of very successive policy documents. Adults are at the highest risk because they are susceptible to be affected by disability, mental disorders, illness, ageing, the elderly are unable to provide themselves with protection from abuse and are vulnerable to abused than young persons. Abuse therefore should be defined to mean any conduct which can harm or exploit an individual be it physically, psychologically or through actions such as theft, embezzlement, fraud and extortion. (BuÃ…Â ¾govà ¡ Ivanovà ¡) Self-abuse is also a serious issue that should be addressed together with any other conduct which may cause fear, an alarm or a lot of distress. Most of the elderly women who were aged 75 and above experienced the highest risk of interpersonal abuse. While men felt lonely in their old age, however both men and women reported three or more depressive symptoms in association with elderly abuse. The highest rate of interpersonal elderly abuse was reported amongst the women who were separation or divorced with their husbands.

Tecumsehs confederation Essays -- essays research papers

Tecumseh was a very significant Native American who gave his life for what he believed. He knew that the Americans were a tremendous threat to all Indian tribes, and realized that the Indians would be destroyed one by one if not united. Tecumseh created a confederation of thirty-two tribes in hopes that the Americans would recognize their borders and thus put a halt to westward expansion. His confederation may have succeeded if it were not for the mistakes made by his brother, Laulewasika, the Americans violent actions towards the Indian tribes, and the unwillingness of the different tribes to cooperate. Tecumseh was born in March of 1768. His real name was Tecumtha, which meant "panther lying in wait," but to the white men he was called Tecumseh which stood for "shooting star." His father was a Shawnee war chief named Puckeshinwa who was an intelligent man that saw the advantage of keeping friendly relations with the Americans (Patriot 137). When Tecumseh was a young boy, his father was shot by a group of settlers that were in the Shawnee's land. When his father did not come home, Tecumseh went out in search of him. When he found his father dying from the wound and learned what had happened he was filled with rage and animosity towards the white people (Patriot 140). Tecumseh was very young at the time of his father's death, so he was raised by his Mother and his brothers and sisters. His mother taught him to hate the Americans and never let him forget that they had killed his father. His oldest brother Chiksika taught him to be a warrior, and his sister told him to have respect for his elders and to respect all people. A Shawnee chief by the name of Blackfish also adopted Tecumseh into his family, and acted as a father figure. Blackfish saw the Americans as a threat and urged that they had to be stopped. Each of these peoples instilled in him different characteristics which played a large role in the rest of his life (Blodgett). When he was still young he wanted to stop the settlers from further moving into the Indians land, so himself and a group of Shawnee's made the Ohio River so hazardous that the traffic on the river almost completely stopped (Patriot 142). When he was visiting his sister in Ohio he met a young American girl named Rebecca Galloway. She taught Tecumseh to speak some English and helped him to learn to r... ...t tribes what had happened, blaming the Winnebagos for the loss. Groups of Indians attacked settlers in Indiana and Illinois to get back at the Americans. These attacks scared the Americans and soon they raised an army and attacked the individual tribes, and almost starting a war (Blodgett). Finally when the war of 1812 started between the Americans and the British assisted by the Indians, the hopes of a confederation were almost completely lost. Tecumseh, along with a couple of Indians joined the British army where he was placed at the rank of brigadier-general. But at the Battle of Themes on October 6, 1813 he was killed, forever destroying all hope of there being a Confederation of all the Indian tribes (Dictionary 1127). Tecumseh was a very courageous and honorable warrior who fought and died for his people. Tecumseh saw himself not as a Shawnee, but as an Indian, and knew that his people had no chance to survive if they were not united. His plan to combine all the different tribes under one confederation could have worked if there had not been so much opposition from the Americans.

Deafness and the Power of Signing Essay -- Sign Language Deaf Communic

Deafness and the Power of Signing When the deaf Miss America spoke to a crowd of thousands about overcoming her handicap, deaf people across America were disgusted. Deafness is not a handicap, I have been told again and again. It is a cultural identity, a way of life, a choice, even (some hard-of hearing people speak of the time when they had to decide, deaf or hearing), but never a handicap, never something to be overcome. The sign for people like Miss America is the sign for hearing, with the forefinger circling up by the forehead instead of down by the mouth. She thinks she's hearing, is what it means. There is also a sign for the reverse: some hearing people get so involved in the deaf community that they think they are deaf, like the woman who pretended to be deaf and got to be in one of those real-life Saturn Commercials. She was a minor celebrity until she was found out - an investigative reporter called her house and she answered the phone. Afterward there was an outpouring of letters to DeafLife magazine fr om people who said they had known all along her signing was not perfect, and the sign she made up for Saturn in the commercial was not in accordance with the deep structure of American Sign Language. American Sign Language is a naturally acquired language; my sister, at five, has perfect ASL grammar and sentence structure, something I will never really have. Grammar in ASL is about your face: eyebrows are lifted for yes or no questions, scrunched together for wh- questions. When signing the word "big", say "Cha" with your voice. It is important to look the signer in the face; use peripheral vision to absorb the hand and arm movements. This, of course is not as easy as it sounds - deaf people have extraordi... ...cks views the uprising as the deaf community's coming of age, the time they decided to go on their own, and it was the beginning of a resurgence of deaf pride which had been waning since Clerc's days. 3. Cohen, Leah Hager. Train Go Sorry: Inside a Deaf World. New York: Random House, 1994. The title refers to a sign expression, the sign equivalent of "you missed the boat." When Leah Cohen was growing up, her father was the principal of Lexington School for the Deaf, an oral school in New York. Cohen learned ASL as an adult and shows a deep love and respect for the language, but she is not convinced that an exclusively ASL education is the best solution. She believes in a compromise between ASL and speech, that oral education is still important, particularly for poorer deaf children, who have fewer opportunities to work in the deaf community or with interpreters.

World War Ii And Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20, 1889 in the small town of Braunau Am Inn in Austria. His parents were Customs official, Klara and Alois Hitler. He became a German politician and went on to be the head of the National Socialist German Workers Party or better known as the Nazi Party. From 1933 to 1945 he held the position as Chancellor of Germany and ruled the country in a dictatorship manner.He was a known veteran of the First World War and he joined the pioneer of the Nazi Party (DAP) in 1919 and went on to become leader of the NSDAP by the year 1921. In 1923, Hitler led a failed coup in Munich known as the Beer Hall Putsch. He was imprisoned because of such attempt and it was that time that he wrote his book.He acquired support from his writing as he promoted anti-Semitism, German nationalism, anti-communism, and anti-capitalism with compelling rhetoric and propaganda. In 1933, he became chancellor and transformed Germany into a single-party dictatorship founded on the despotic a s well as tyrannical principles of National Socialism.Hitler’s actions and policies led to the declaration of France and United Kingdom of war against the country. This led to the outbreak of the Second World War in Europe. Because of the Nazi Regime of Hitler and his genocidal policy, about 11 million people were killed and more than 6 million Jews were annihilated throughout the Holocaust.For three years Germany together with the Axis powers had conquered most of Northern Africa, East as well as Southeast Asia, and Europe with Hitler being a major key player. Hitler and his mistress got married as the days of war came to an end and they both committed suicide.World War I eraDuring the 16th Bavarian Reserve Regiment, Adolf Hitler served Belgium and France. He became a Gefreiter by the end of the war (a private first class in terms of the American armies and a lance corporal in British terms). He was frequently exposed to the adversary’s fire as he served as a runner o n the Western Front.He was a participant of some of the most important battles of the West including the First Battle of Ypres, Battle of Arras, Battle of the Somme, as well as the Battle of Passchendaele.[1]In October 1914, the Battle of Ypress took place which was known in Germany as the Massacre of the Innocents having about 40,000 killed in a span of 20 days and even the infantry division that Hitler belonged to lost about 200 men by December that year.This incident made Hitler become withdrawn and detached as the war continued. Adolf Hitler was recognized for the bravery he had shown during the years of war. In 1914, he got the Iron Cross, Second Class, recognition, and 4 years later the Iron Cross, First Class. These are honors not often given to someone of his rank (Gefreiter).  Early years in powerAdolf Hitler’s power and glory began in September 1919 when he became a member of DAP or Deutsche Arbeiterpartei which later on became more popularly known as the Nazi par ty. The party was an anti-Marxist and was formed throughout the aftermath of the World War I period. His rose to power began in the initial years of the Nazi party from 1919-1923 due to his substantial skills in promotion, organization, and public speaking.[2]Germany was consistently aggressive during the World War I for more than four years (1914-1918). After the First World War, Hitler went back to Munich. For the period of 1918-1919 he was on a steady but comparatively insignificant assignment but he was in due course enlisted by the Army’s Political Department.His great skills in public speaking and his open and intense anti-Semitism impressed an army officer and gave him a promotion making him an education officer. This gave him more opportunities to give public speeches which greatly contributed to his acquisition of power.In one meeting, Hitler again used his tremendous skills in oratory impressing Anton Drexler, the DAP (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) founder. He gave Hitle r a political pamphlet and later on invited him to be a member of their party. Hitler attended the committee meeting that was part of the invitation. His initial thoughts were that the party was too disorganized and mixed-up.Their membership process was messed up and this led Hitler to a consideration that he could be of great influence to the party as it was not totally established. Two days after that particular meeting, he decided to become a member of DAP, making him the 55th member. Adolf Hitler was named to be the leader of propaganda by 1920 because of his talents that were recognized by the heads of the party.[3]On February 20, the party became known as Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei or NSDAP and Hitler began to transform it. By July 28, 1921, Hitler became in full control of the party ousting Drexler.Hitler’s aggression was brought to the party. They disrupted meetings of their â€Å"opponents†, caused chaos & disturbance, causing the imprisonm ent of Hitler for some months. Hitler also began to form two organizations between 1922 and 1923.These are Jungstum and Jugendubnd, two unions that are bound to have great importance. Because of Hitler’s continuous rebellion, Hitler was convicted and imprisoned for five years. In prison, he began to contemplate about a lot of things particularly his political tactics. It was during this time that he was able to write his first book entitled Mein Kampf or My Struggle.[4]Adolf Hitler was released on December 20, 1924 from prison and assured that he would continue to get hold of political power but this time only by lawful and constitutional ways or means.The Nazi Party during the May 1928 German elections only gained an overall vote of 2.63% of 810,127 votes.[5] Because of these results, Adolf Hitler was determined to spread the goals of their party to the German people. He felt that the Germans weren’t fully aware of their party’s objectives and aims.Hitler wrote his second book in order to lay out the word of the Nazi party. By the end of that year, the Nazi party has about 130,000 members and the following year, the Nazi party had a representative to the Presidential elections by the name of Erich Ludendorff. Ludendorff got 1.1% of the total votes or 280,000 total votes.[6] He was the lone aspirant to gain fewer than a million votes. The street fights grew extremely brutal and violent.After the Rotfront (Communist party) interrupted Hitler’s speech the SA (Storm battalion or division) went into the streets and executed two spectators. The SA on August 25, 1928, crashed a Rotfront gathering, as the tension between the two groups continued to heat up. The battle between the two went on for the following years resulting to more political violence and deaths.The Nazi party had never been a power player in Germany’s election as they were only the 9th smallest party before the Great Depression hit the country in 1930.The new Chanc ellor then, Heinrich Brà ¼ning, coming from the Roman Catholic Centre Party, slowly but surely lost the majority in the parliament, thus the Brà ¼ning administration needed to use the president’s emergency decrees. A premature election in September 1930 paved the way for the Nazi party to garner 18% of the vote equivalent to 108 seats in the parliament, making them second to the largest party in the chamber.[7]Hitler meant to run as president in the scheduled elections against President Pal Von Hindenburg, only with one problem. Hitler was Austrian born and still had not acquired German citizenship, not until the 25th of February as the interior minister of the Brunswick appointed Hitler as administrator for the state’s delegation making him a citizen of Brunswick. Their effort was not enough to win, but it showed that Hitler is a possible choice in German politics.The president, after heavy thinking, reluctantly appointed Hitler Chancellor of the coalition governmen t materialized by both NSDAP and DNVP. Still with the appointment of Papen as Vice-Chancellor and other conservative cabinet, the Nazis are contained to their framework. Hitler stopped any attempts by his adversaries to form a majority body in the parliament.Hitler planned to dissolve Reichstag once again and there was a scheduled election for March, but February 27, 1933 came, and the Reichstag building was set ablaze.[8] A Dutch independent communist was the victim to this incident and the government reacted by suspending basic rights, habeas corpus included, to blame the fire to communists.The Nazis maximized their opportunity as campaigns continued, using anti-communist propaganda & paramilitary violence. The NSDAP garnered 43.9% of the votes during Election Day, March 6, to remain the largest party in the nation. But still without having absolute majority, their victory was blemished, as they need to maintain a coalition with the DNVP.[9]Hitler eagerly met with the newly-electe d Reichstag with an act that would give the cabinet (and of course Hitler himself) legislative powers for a period of four years. The Enabling Act would allow deviation from the constitution but only after winning 2/3 majority in the Reichstag.Thus, the government needed some help of other parties for the votes. The Centre Party would prove to be the deciding element as they carried the Enabling Act. In return, the government guaranteed the Church’s liberty and the existence of the Party, through oral assurances.With this in motion, the Enabling Act was agreed upon by every party except the Social Democrats on March 23rd, and in combination with the Reichstag Fire Decree legally transformed Hitler’s government as dictatorship.Now having both legislative and executive power, Hitler finished off the opposition. The Social Democratic Party, SDP, was marked off illegal and other parties were forced into dissolving. After only less than 4 months, July the 14th, the Nazi Par ty was declared the â€Å"only legal party† in Germany. All notable opposition to Hitler was one by one murdered.And with the death of the President Pal von Hindenburg, Hitler’s cabinet, capitalizing on the moment, passed a law transferring the role and power of the President to Hitler. Although with major inconsistencies with the constitution, and technicality that barred Hitler for making any actions with regards to the Presidency, no one dared to object. With the Presidency finally on his hands, Hitler was now the most powerful man in Germany.Being the Head of State, Hitler became the Supreme commander of the Armed Forces, and instead of the soldiers and sailors doing the traditional loyalty oath, it turned to an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler.[10] Hitler then forced his War Minister Werner von Blomberg after evidences that his new wife had a criminal past; this was prior to removing several positions in the Armed Forces.But to the surprise by many, Hitler, anno unced that he will be assuming the command of the Armed Forces, taking over Blomberg’s old post – being the Commander – in – chief of the Armed Forces, giving Hitler the ultimate power in Germany.

Pran Group Swot Analysis

PRAN  stands for  Program for  Rural  Advancement  Nationally. The largest fruit and vegetable processing industry in Bangladesh with countrywide distribution network AMCL’s  PRAN  is an established brand of Bangladesh with an extensive sales force all over the country. PRAN  have a well-developed infrastructure for production, sales and distribution. PRAN  has proven itself as –  Local product but of international standard. . Goals: †¢ Quality maintenance and improvement. †¢ Satisfied customers. †¢ Hold on to the current customers and again gain customer loyalty. †¢ Gain competitive advantage over all the competitors. To double sales and expand production capacity every 7-8 years. †¢ To become one of the biggest names in international fruit and vegetable processing industry Scope: The market of soft drinks and beverage is very competitive. We may say that as a strong market. This project paper is prepared as a marketing plan of a product of AMCL which brand name is PRAN. Methodology: To prepare this report, standard methods of report writing have been used. For writing this report different types of data were needed to complete, tabulate and analyze. The required data were collected by using secondary sources.For collecting data from secondary sources, go through various web sites. After completion of the data, these were sorted into different categories. Limitation: The study suffered a number of limitations: 1. Lack of the part of experience of the researchers. 2. Unconfirmed accuracy of certain information acquired. 3. Lack of information from the primary source. 4. The comparisons may not be effective enough. 5. Lack of time for preparing the report. Source of data: Our source of data is internet, other company profile, published magazine by other company etc. e also collect information from our experience. Current market analysis: According to the information from different sources â€Å"Pranâ₠¬  is now the market leader in the juice sector of soft drinks market. After Pran, frutika, fruto are in the position. Most market shares are now holding by AMCL (Pran), next frutika and then fruto. Product Review: Among many of their products  PRAN’s  main product is their fruit juice and fruit drinks, which is very popular among the existing market. The product line is: †¢ Fruit juice in glass bottle (returnable): It is hygienically produced by state-of-the-art machinery.Available in  mango flavor, made from fresh local ripe mangoes. †¢ Fruit juice in glass bottle (non-returnable): This category of juice is found in non-returnable glass bottle in flavors of  mango, guava and orange. †¢ Fruit juice in aseptic pack: Available flavors in this category are:  mango, lemon, orange, pineapple, guava and mango-pine. †¢ Fruit juice in can: The fruit juices in cans are hygienically produced by state-of-the-art machine from flavors of  mango, orange an d guava. Review of competitors: Currently there are so many juice companies in our country. Among them pran is the leader of juice sector in Bangladesh.Except pran, Lemu, Mojo, RC cola, Pepsi, URO Cola, Virgin, Fruti, Coca cola, 7up, Tiger. Shezan Juice, Rasna. Review of distribution: Pran primarily use existing distributors for distributing their product  Pran Juice  then; they make some new channels and assign some distributors to promote their product to all over the country. So pran deal with this chain: Manufacturer >   Wholesaler>  Ã‚   Retailer>   Customer Figure: Distribution Channel Company using mobile shop in the shopping malls, offices and crowded areas so that people can purchase the product easily when they like to consume.We will make our consumer by  Value Delivery Network. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: †¢ Government support:  Being the biggest local force in the industry AMCL always had government by its side. Government has been supporting  PRAN  in many ways like subsidies, export subsidies, tariffs on foreign competitors etc. †¢ First mover’s advantage: PRAN  entered the market when the product was still very new to the consumers and there was little or no presence of any other local companies with such investment. Therefore  PRAN  had the first mover’s advantage which they are still enjoying till now. Internal strength:  AMCL has a very powerful management team to guide a strong gigantic workforce. Despite its huge size  PRAN  has been able to maintain labor productivity and increasing sales. Its labor productivity is twice as much as any other local company in the market (Not foreign companies). †¢ Market share: PRAN  AMCL has a great competitive advantage over the other competitors. As mentioned earlier it is the largest fruit and vegetable processing industry in Bangladesh and holds the biggest share in markets in Bangladesh among the local companies.PRAN  has the largest sales in fruit drinks after Coca-Cola and PepsiCo. Weaknesses: †¢ External threats:  Too much competition from international organizations, for example Coca-Cola, PepsiCo, RC-Cola, Virgin Cola, Rasna (India), Shezan (Pakistan) etc. †¢ Internal weaknesses:  Large size of the business and workforce makes it difficult to manage perfectly. As a result it often causes internal conflict. Opportunities †¢ Existing competitor of the current market is not that much strong which the pran company has. †¢ Pran can be export to other countries. †¢ Existing distribution channel is being used. High growth rate in this industry. Threats †¢ Competitor can produce the same product. †¢ Downward pressure on pricing. †¢ Political instability, economy etc. †¢ New innovation from other competitors could be a threat. Marketing Strategy Positioning Pran always try to position their product through image differentiation, because related marketing, and product differ entiation. Pran will use logo and short advertisement so that people can consistently see the advertisement so the product will occupy a clear, distinctive, and desirable place in the mind of the consumer relative to competitors’ product.Pran will use USP (Unique Selling Proposition) for their product. To do brand differences that make a better differentiation or that has the potential to create company costs as well as customer benefits. A difference is worth establishing to the extent that it satisfies the following criteria. †¢ O Important †¢ O Distinctive †¢ O Superior †¢ O Communicable †¢ O Affordable and Profitable Marketing Mix: Our marketing mixes for the product  Pran  are Product Marketing: For launching a product in the market, there is some procedure that should be followed by every marketer to move in the long run.Our product will enable our customers to have a different experience to try our juice. They will be able to differentiate our product in quality which is unique in the soft drinks market. They will not be able to feel the same way for the other soft drinks in the market. Pricing Strategies: We shall charge based on â€Å"Overhead Expenses† and â€Å"Cost Plus†. Overhead Expenses include rent, gas and electricity, business telephone calls, packing and shipping supplies, delivery and freight charges, cleaning, insurance, office supplies, postage, payroll taxes, repairs, and maintenance.The accuracy of our costing will depend on estimating logical amounts for all categories of expenses. We have to list all overhead expense items and total they divide the total overhead figure by the number of items per month (or time period we used above). The answer is our overhead per item: Overhead + Materials + Labor = Total Cost/Item From the market research, we received the following- Company Name  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Price Fruti(250ml)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15 Mojo (250ml)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15 Pran(250 ml)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15 Table: Price of different brands.We want to charge 250 ml Pran soft drinks at the selling price of Tk. 14. On the other hand, the prices for Pran soft drinks are to be charged for 500 ml Tk. 32, for 1000 ml Tk. 60. Place or Distribution: We will primarily use our existing distributors for distributing our new product  Pran Juice  then; we will make some new channels and assign some distributors to promote our product to all over the country. We are using mobile shop in the shopping malls, offices and crowded areas so that people can purchase the product easily when they like to consume.We will make our consumer by  Value Delivery Network. Advertising and Promotion: The most successful advertising will be throu gh  BTV, NTV, Channel I, ATN  Bangla and RTV  which are the most popular television channels in the country. We will also use some bill-boards and leaflets and we will hold a sport event to promote the product. We will also use our experience so that we can create attention to the customers. Target market Our main target market people are the young ages people who like to drink juice very much. Mostly the school going students and the children.Beside that we also focus the young generation people. Although our main target market is young people but we also prefer the people of adult and old ages people. Forecast and Financial analysis: it just a hypothetical forecasting and financial analysis- The brands of â€Å"Pran Juice†Ã‚  will be introduced in September. We make an action program for the next four months. And we believe that, if our four month action programs will run well, then we will achieve our goals easily. June: In June we will arrange meeting with our suppl iers, dealers.And talk about our new product’s quality, product development etc. Our product is low involvement and buyers show habitual buying behavior. Then we will start production new Pran Juice. July: After meeting with the dealers we will provide sample Pran Juice to our customers for getting publicity. On the other hand we will give advertise of our new product in the Television, Radio, Bill Board, Banners, and in the Poster. Then we will launch our product in to the market. In the primary stage we will produce 250ml and 500ml can. August:After doing our successful operations of two month, at the third month we give extra benefits to the dealers and sellers to improve our sales. We will give small toys; arrange game. Observing the situations, at this stage we will produce 250ml can, and 500ml can for the consumers. In this month we will start to produce 1000ml can. And this month our product will be available in almost every shop of the country. September: In our last month of action program, if situation will favorable then we go for Divisional dealers to distribute to the whole country.Observing and analyzing we take necessary actions to develop product sales and increase our profit. In this way we will continue our production and give a particular image to the mind of every customer. Budget: This section will offer a financial overview four company as it relates to our marketing activities. We have shown break-even information. Sales Forecast: The sales forecast is broken down into the three main revenue streams; direct  Ã‚  Ã‚   sales, Web sales, consignment sales. The sale forecast for the upcoming year is based on 30% growth rate.Growth rate for year 2006 to 2010 are based on percentage increases as follows: †¢ Direct sales 20% growth rate per year †¢ Web sales 50% growth rate per year. †¢ Consignment sales 20% growth rate year. [pic] Profit/loss: January 31,2011, AMCL(PRAN) As per un-audited half yearly accounts as on 31. 12. 10 (July’10 to Dec’10), the company has reported net profit after tax of Tk. 19. 44 million with EPS of Tk. 24. 29 as against Tk. 17. 05 million and Tk. 21. 31 respectively for the same period of the previous year. Control: Our control depends on the customer satisfaction.If customer demand different things with which they feel comfortable, then we simply change our controlling techniques. Conclusion: We all know that, today’s fast moving world respect the new, innovative ideas. To keep the same pace with this situation our company had decided to launch a Juice and it has a bright future in its market. As the product is innovative, the consumers are going product will be a strong product mix for our company. And once our  Juice  will reach to the hand of our targeted customers, we will be able to capture the most market shares.